Times interest earned ratio:
Times Interest Earned = EBIT ÷ Annual Interest Expense
Annual interest expense:
Annual Interest Expense = Monthly Interest Expense × 12
Safety margin:
Safety Margin = Times Interest Earned – 1.0
EBITDA interest coverage:
EBITDA Coverage = (EBIT + Depreciation + Amortization) ÷ Annual Interest Expense
Cash interest coverage:
Cash Interest Coverage = (EBIT + Depreciation) ÷ Annual Interest Expense
Coverage interpretation scale:
Below 1.0: Danger (cannot cover interest)
1.0 – 1.5: Weak (barely covering interest)
1.5 – 2.5: Moderate (acceptable coverage)
2.5 – 5.0: Good (comfortable coverage)
Above 5.0: Strong (excellent coverage)
Where:
EBIT = Earnings before interest and taxes
Interest Expense = Total interest paid on debt
Safety Margin = Excess coverage above minimum
TIE = Times Interest Earned (also called interest coverage ratio)